Step-By-Step: How A President Can Declare A State Of Emergency In A State & Past Cases Of Nigerian Presidents That Have Suspended Governors

In Nigeria, the President can declare a State of Emergency in any state under Section 305 of the 1999 Constitution (as amended). The process involves the following steps:

1. Grounds for Declaration

A State of Emergency can be declared if:

•             There is a war or a major security threat.

•             There is a breakdown of public order and safety.

•             A natural disaster (like floods or epidemics) has severely affected the state.

•             The state government is unable to function properly.

•             The governor of the state requests it.

2. Procedure for Declaration

•             The President must issue an official proclamation of a state of emergency.

•             The National Assembly (Senate & House of Representatives) must approve the declaration within two days (if in session) or 10 days (if not in session).

•             If the National Assembly approves, the State of Emergency remains in force for six months (and can be extended if necessary).

3. Effect of a State of Emergency

•             The federal government may take over the functions of the state government.

•             Security forces (military, police) may be deployed to restore order.

•             Certain civil rights (e.g., movement, assembly) may be restricted.

•             The Governor and State Assembly may be suspended (though this is controversial).

4. Examples of Past State of Emergency Declarations in Nigeria

•             2004 (Plateau State) – President Obasanjo declared a State of Emergency due to ethnic clashes.

•             2006 (Ekiti State) – President Obasanjo suspended the governor over a political crisis.

•             2013 (Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa States) – President Goodluck Jonathan declared a State of Emergency due to Boko Haram insurgency.